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2.20.2011
USED WIND TURBINES FOR SALE? USED WIND TURBINES WANTED?
Read complete Guest Post at: http://stlouisrenewableenergy.blogspot.com/p/guest-posts.html
Deficit Cuts-Nick,Editor, Energy and Capital
You want deficits cut?
Then you're a supporter of renewable energy — and you're not alone.
In a recent Gotham Research poll, 73% of Americans (that extrapolates to 226 million people) said they want half or all fossil fuel subsidies repurposed to support solar and other renewables.
Some of you will dismiss that result. Some of you will deny it. Some of you will say it's a lie.
To each his own.
But here are some things you can't argue with*:-
The International Energy Agency's (IEA) chief economist has said phasing out billions of dollars of fossil fuel subsidies "would trigger vast savings in energy consumption... and change the energy game quickly and substantially." He added that fossil fuel subsidies are "the appendicitis of the global energy system which need to be removed for a healthy, sustainable development future."
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The IEA calculated that in 2008, 37 large developing countries spent about $557 billion in energy subsidies.
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An Environmental Law Institute study estimated $72 billion in tax breaks to U.S. fossil fuel companies from 2002-2008.
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An Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) study found direct subsidies that artificially lower the cost of fossil fuels amounted to $312 billion globally in 2009.
And yet, when a co-author of the U.S. Energy Information Administration's World Energy Outlook was recently asked "if someone has actually done a credible, comprehensive, definitive count of how much taxpayers underwrite fossil fuels in this country", he said there is no such widely accepted count or number available...
I guess it is pretty hard to count up all the:
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tax breaks
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subsidies
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the costs of government agencies that are set up to perform functions that these industries should pay full cost for doing — like figuring out how to stuff their pollution underground instead of wasting it on exorbitant, fantasy projects like "FutureGen"
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military expenditures to protect oil shipping lanes
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pollution forgiveness or remediation
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rock-bottom-price access to public property, such as mountains, subsurface property, aquifers, and ocean waters — all of which fossil energy companies routinely wreck and pay comparatively little to fix
If we want a discussion about wasteful spending, I think this is a pretty good place to start.
Just throwing it out there.
Call it like you see it,
Nick
Editor, Energy and Capital
(*Thanks to a Greentech Media guest post for the information in these lists.)
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Scott's Contracting
scottscontracting@gmail.com
http://www.stlouisrenewableenergy.blogspot.com
http://scottscontracting.wordpress.com
2.19.2011
NASAs latest Climate Change Mission- Glory Departs Feb 23,
The Aerosol Particles they will be examining are-" few nanometers, less than the width of the smallest viruses, to several tens of micrometers, about the diameter of human hair" The Aerosols are Created by: Aerosols, Gases that lead to Aerosol formation, Fossil Fuel Exhaust Gases, and Natural causes. -- the amount of energy entering and exiting Earth's atmosphere. An accurate measurement of these impacts is important in order to anticipate future changes to our climate and how they may affect human life.
Godspeed and Good Luck to all those involved.
Scott's Contracting
scottscontracting@gmail.com
http://www.stlouisrenewableenergy.blogspot.com
http://scottscontracting.wordpress.com
Soon a new NASA satellite -- Glory -- should help scientists collect the data needed to provide firmer answers about the important particles. In California, engineers and technicians at Vandenberg Air Force Base are currently prepping Glory for a Feb. 23 launch.
Aerosols, or the gases that lead to their formation, can come from vehicle tailpipes and desert winds, from sea spray and fires, volcanic eruptions and factories. Even lush forests, soils, or communities of plankton in the ocean can be sources of certain types of aerosols.
The ubiquitous particles drift in Earth's atmosphere, from the stratosphere to the surface, and range in size from a few nanometers, less than the width of the smallest viruses, to several tens of micrometers, about the diameter of human hair.
The particles can directly influence climate by reflecting or absorbing the sun's radiation. In broad terms, this means bright-colored or translucent aerosols, such as sulfates and sea salt aerosols, tend to reflect radiation back towards space and cause cooling. In contrast, darker aerosols, such as black carbon and other types of carbonaceous particles, can absorb significant amounts of light and contribute to atmospheric warming.
Research to date suggests that the cooling from sulfates and other reflective aerosols overwhelms the warming effect of black carbon and other absorbing aerosols. Indeed, the best climate models available show that aerosol particles have had a cooling effect that has counteracted about half of the warming caused by the build-up of greenhouse gases since the 1880s.
"However, the models are far from perfect," said Glory Project Scientist Michael Mishchenko, a senior scientist at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS). "The range of uncertainty associated with the climate impact of aerosols is three or four times that of greenhouse gases," he said.
In comparison to greenhouse gases, aerosols are short-lived, and dynamic -- making the particles much harder to measure than long-lived and stable carbon dioxide. Aerosols usually remain suspended in the atmosphere for just a handful of days. Complicating matters, the particles can clump together to form hybrids that are difficult to distinguish.
In addition to scattering and absorbing light, aerosols can also modify clouds. They serve as the seeds of clouds, and can also affect cloud brightness and reflectivity, how long clouds last, and how much they precipitate. Reflective aerosols, like sulfates, for example, tend to brighten clouds and make them last longer, whereas black carbon from soot generally has the opposite effect.
Still, much remains unknown about aerosols and clouds. How do aerosols other than sulfates and black carbon affect clouds? How do aerosol impacts differ in warm and cold environments? Can infusions of aerosols near clouds spark self-reinforcing feedback cycles capable of affecting the climate?
The climate impact of clouds remains one of the largest uncertainties in climate science because of such unanswered questions. Some models suggest a mere 5 percent increase in cloud reflectivity could compensate for the entire increase in greenhouse gases from the modern industrial era, while others produce quite different outcomes.
Such unresolved issues prompted the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to list the level of scientific understanding about aerosols as "low" in its last major report. Of the 25 climate models included by the IPCC in the Fourth Assessment Report, only a handful considered the scattering or absorbing effects of aerosol types other than sulfates.
"And less than a third of the models included aerosol impacts on clouds, even in a limited way, and those that did only considered sulfates," said Mian Chin, a physical scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center who specializes in modeling aerosols.
Glory, which contains an innovative aerosol-sensing instrument called the Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS), aims to change this. By more accurately identifying a broad suite of aerosol types -- such as salt, mineral dust and smoke -- the instrument should help climatologists fill in key gaps in climate models.
While other NASA instruments -- including ground, aircraft, and satellite-based instruments -- have studied aerosols in the past, APS is NASA's first satellite-based instrument capable of measuring the polarization, the orientation of light-wave vibrations.
Raw sunlight, explained Mishchenko, is unpolarized. This means the waves oscillate in an unpredictable, random fashion as they move through space -- much like a rope would wiggle about if it had two people flapping its ends up and down in no particular pattern.
When light waves pass through certain types of filters called polarizers the waves are forced into a more ordered form. Imagine that wobbling rope trying to pass throw a narrow slit in a fence: only the waves vibrating at a certain angle could make it through. The result is polarized light, or light for which the waves only oscillate at specific angles. The surface of glass, sunglasses, even clouds of aerosol particles can polarize light.
APS's ability to measure the polarization of light scattered by aerosols and clouds is the key strength of the instrument. Other NASA satellite instruments have measured aerosols, but such instruments have typically done so by looking at the intensity of light -- the amplitude of the light waves -- not their polarization.
Yet, ground and aircraft-based studies, particularly those conducted with an aircraft instrument called the Research Scanning Polarimeter, which is quite similar to APS, show that polarized light contains the most information about aerosol features. "Earlier instruments can approximate the abundance of aerosol in general terms, but they leave much to be desired if you're trying to sort out the shape and composition of the particles," said APS Instrument Scientist Brian Cairns, also of GISS.
These scanning electron microscope images, which are not at the same scale, show the wide variety of aerosols shapes. From left to right: volcanic ash, pollen, sea salt, and soot. Credit: USGS, UMBC, Arizona State University
Large, spherical particles -- sea salt, for example -- leave a very different imprint on light in comparison to smaller and more irregularly-shaped particles such as black carbon. As a result, much like forensic scientists might study the details of blood droplets at a crime scene to reconstruct what happened, climatologists using Glory data will look to the polarization state of scattered light to work backwards and deduce the type of aerosol that must have scattered it.
Glory will not be the first Earth-observing satellite instrument to study polarization. French instruments that launched in 1996 and 2002 have as well, but the APS promises to be far more accurate and will look at the same particles from many more angles.
Nonetheless, interpreting Glory's APS data will be an extremely complex task. The mission will provide such a vast amount of new polarization data about aerosols that, in order to make sense of it, scientists will first have to validate APS science products with ground-based sensors scattered around the globe. Likewise, they will have to adapt and update mathematical techniques developed for an aircraft instrument to ensure they work well in a space environment.
All of this will take some time to refine and perfect. Mishchenko's team expects to release preliminary results as soon as possible after Glory launches, but he also expects to release improved and enhanced versions of Glory's APS data products over time.
A great deal of work lies ahead of Glory's science team and the aerosol science community more broadly, but the mission has the potential to produce profound advancements in understanding the perplexing particles. "Glory has the potential to offer a critical view of aerosols that we have never had from space before," said Glory's Deputy Project Scientist Ellsworth Welton.
Solar_Storm_Information-CME- QandA-Resources
- "The sun is waking up from a deep slumber, and in the next few years we expect to see much higher levels of solar activity," said R. Fisher NASA
- But smart power grids, GPS navigation, air travel, financial services and emergency radio communications can all be knocked out by intense solar activity.
- A major solar storm could cause twenty times more economic damage than Hurricane Katrina, warned the National Academy of Sciences in a 2008 report
It looks like the NASA Scientists were correct. The Earth just received another blast of CME (Coronal Mass Ejection) Click Here to read about the latest Solar Storm that effected Chinas Radio Communications
Here are web links for additional information on the Subject and provided links to the information - Damaging Effects caused by a Solar Storm or CME.
Q: What is a Solar Storm
Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_solar_storm#ixzz1EQMhM4GE
Solar storm
- Solar flare - a large explosion in the Sun's atmosphere
- Coronal mass ejection (CME) - a massive burst of solar wind associated with solar flares
- Geomagnetic storm - the interaction of the Sun's outburst with Earth's magnetic field
- Solar storm of 1859
Sunspot - where most solar flares and coronal mass ejections originate
- Aug 4, 2010 ... Stronger solar storms could cause adverse impacts to space-based assets and
technological infrastructure on Earth. ...
Mar 15, 2006 ... In 1958 you couldn't tell that a solar storm was underway by looking at the bars
on your cell phone; cell phones didn't exist. ...
Used by 1595 visitorshttp://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/themis/news/themis_leaky_shield.html
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Apr 5, 2010 ... This week researchers announced that a storm is coming--the most intense solar
maximum in fifty years.
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Apr 5, 2010 ... In scientific circles where solar flares, magnetic storms and other unique solar
events are discussed, the occurrences of September 1-2, ...
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Abrupt changes on the Sun can create flares and coronal mass ejections that
blast brief but powerful 'solar storms' into space. Earth is surrounded by a ...
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Jun 5, 2010 ... At the same time, our technological society has developed an unprecedented
sensitivity to solar storms. The intersection of these two issues ...
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Oct 29, 2003 ... A different astronomy and space science related image is featured each day,
along with a brief explanation.
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Apr 5, 2010 ... Right: A solar flare observed in Dec. 2006 by NOAA's GOES-13 satellite. ...
storm of 1859, for instance, occurred during a solar cycle of ...
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Jun 20, 2010 ... A bright mass of charged particles loops from the Sun's outer atmosphere during
a solar storm on May 23, 2010. Taken two hours apart, ...
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Who Cares About Politics? THE SUN IS EXPLODING! (kinda)
Who Cares About Politics? THE SUN IS EXPLODING! (kinda) | Space.com
The sun let loose its most powerful eruption in more than four years Monday night (Feb. 14), disrupting radio communications in China and generating concern around the world.
But it could have been a lot worse, experts say.
Despite its strength, Monday’s solar storm was a baby compared to several previous blasts, and it provides just a hint of what the sun is capable of. A true monster storm has the potential to wreak havoc on a global scale, knocking out communications systems, endangering satellites and astronauts and causing perhaps trillions of dollars in damages.
- The sun’s activity cycle is ramping up, so more storms will likely be coming our way over the next few years.
- The sun has grown more active over the last several months after rousing from a quiet period in its 11-year weather cycle last year.
Energy Game for Teachers, Educators, Kids, and You
The Energy Hog program makes it easy for teachers and energy educators to bring energy education into the classroom or to a public event.
Maybe you know an Energy Hog. It could even be you or a family member! No matter who's wasting energy, the Energy Hog games and resources can help your family save. The energy hog games are a great way to engage little ones in learning about energy efficiency while having fun! They can even become a Hog Buster.
Learning about energy is fun when you include energy hogs! Access free classroom activities and materials that guide children through lessons about different sources of energy, how we use energy at home, and how to bust energy hogs to save energy. Energy Hog educational resources are designed for grade levels 2 -6 and cover the subject areas of Science, Math, Technology, Language Arts and Social Studies, and meet national learning standards.
Schedule a “Real, Live” Energy Hog to visit your school or be part of your upcoming event. The Energy Hog is a dastardly, misled character who puts a face to the concept of wasted energy, while the dynamic, quick-witted Energy Hog Buster teaches kids how to find and defeat Energy Hogs.
Scheduling an Energy Hog for your school or upcoming event is a great way to highlight how we use energy, and the importance of energy efficiency. Please contact Aaron Stainthorp for more information.
- Energy Shift: Game-Changing Options for Fueling the Future (Future of Business Series)
- Consol Energy Center First Game 2010-11 by Unknown 8.00X10.00. Art Poster Print
- Energy Braker: Game Sound Legend Series
- Bursting With Energy
- Standard Deviants School - Organic Chemistry, Program 9 - Reaction Energy DiagramsK'NEX Education - Forces, Energy & Motion
Energy-Efficient Mortgages and Financing
Financing an Energy-Efficient Home
This fact sheet from the Department of Energy features an overview of energy-efficient financing programs from mortgages to home improvement loans.U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development: Energy-Efficient Mortgage Program
The Energy-Efficient Mortgage Program is one of many Federal Housing Authority programs that insure mortgage loans to encourage lenders to make mortgage credit available to borrowers, such as first-time homebuyers, who would not otherwise qualify for conventional loans on affordable terms.Energy Ratings and Mortgages
Energy efficient homes may qualify for mortgages that take into account a home's efficiency. Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) provides information on home energy rating systems, energy efficient mortgages, and finding certified energy raters and lenders who know how to process energy efficiency mortgages.Refinancing for Energy-Efficiency Improvements
An overview of refinancing to make energy efficiency improvements, from the Alliance to Save Energy.
If you are interested in Green Building on an Investment Property Check out the Benton Gut Rehab Blog Series-Benton Gut Rehab Green Blog Series
Part 8: 1st Floor Weatherization
Part 9: See the Difference a Little White Paint Makes
Part 10: Interior Framing-Plumbing-Laundry Room
Part 11: Kitchen Framing Tip #36-Benton Rehab Project
Part 12: Water Main Repair- Benton Rehab
Part 13: Benton Rehab Project Drywall Installation and Tip: Number 1172
St Louis Renewable Feed
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Thank You for stopping by the Green Blog. If additional information in needed or you have a question let me know by posting a question or ...
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Making a decorative axe from melted copper wire by u/SinjiOnO in oddlysatisfying Thank You for stopping by the Gree...